2.6. Pumped storage power plants

This chapter explains the basic principle of pumped storage power plants (PSP). Capabilities of various types of power plants to provide dynamic services, and the estimated losses and efficiency values of a pumped storage plant are presented. Active storage of the reservoirs and the available head determine the work capacity of the PSP. The change of flow direction, depending on the operation mode of the machine units, is characteristical for the intake and outlet structures of pumped storage schemes. Intake and outlet structures form the transition from the reservoirs to pressure conduits. Pumped storage plants are built with aboveground or underground (cavern) powerhouses. The design and properties of devices such as penstocks and tailrace, surge tanks, and shut-off devices are described. Mechanical and electrical equipment used in PSPs are discussed in detail. The chapter concludes with a case study of the Goldisthal PSP.