5.2.1 Surface magnetization at fixed temperatures

This chapter presents data for surface magnetization at fixed temperatures. Magnetic moments per atom p_n, in the n-th atomic layer near a surface differ from their bulk values p_b. Extended theoretical literature using self-consistent band structure calculations of thin film slabs is available on this subject for the ground state. Experiments are available at fixed finite temperatures only and must be compared, therefore, with some caution. Magnetometry of ultra-thin films with variable thickness results in the total incremental moment of a surface, Δp_s ^b, in comparison with a homogeneous magnetization p_b. Surface magnetization at fixed temperatures for Fe(100), Fe(110), Ni(100), Ni(111) and Ni(110) are given. The theoretical and experimental methods include FLAPW, tight binding, SPLEED, and LAPW.